A black viscous mixture of hydrocarbons obtained naturally or as a residue from petroleum distillation. It is used for road surfacing and roofing.
Mainly, it serves its use in paving and roofing applications. 85% of all bitumen is used as a binder in asphalt for roads, runways, parking lots, and foot paths. Gravel and crushed rock are mixed with thick bitumen, holding it together and it is then applied to roadways.
The difference between coal and coke fuel ?
Coal is a shiny, black fossil fuel that contains impurities, emits smoke when burned, and produces less heat than coke.
Coke is a dull, black byproduct of coal that burns hotter and cleaner.
Coking coal, also known as metallurgical coal, is used to create coke, one of the key irreplaceable inputs for the production of steel. There are many varieties of coal in the world, ranging from brown coal or lignite to anthracite.
Coke is produced by heating coking coals in a coke oven in a reducing atmosphere.
Indonesia holds 24,910 million tons (MMst) of proven coal reserves as of 2016, ranking 11th in the world and accounting for about 2% of the world’s total coal reserves of 1,139,471 million tons (MMst). Indonesia has proven reserves equivalent to 242.7 times its annual consumption.
Petroleum coke, abbreviated coke or pet coke, is a final carbon-rich solid material that derives from oil refining, and is one type of the group of fuels referred to as cokes.
Fuel grade petcoke is typically very high in heating value (BTUs per pound), produces virtually no ash when burned, and is most commonly used in electric power plants and cement kilns. As a carbon source, petroleum coke is used to manufacture: Energy Steel.
Jet fuel is a clear to straw-colored fuel, based on either an unleaded kerosene (Jet A-1), or a naphtha-kerosene blend (Jet B). Similar to diesel fuel, it can be used in either compression ignition engines or turbine engines.
Jet fuels are typically made by blending and refining various crude oil petroleum distillation products such as naphtha, gasoline, or kerosene in order to meet specific military or commercial specifications (Air Force 1989b).
Most new diesel engines that employed advanced exhaust after treatment technology have become sensitive to sulphur, which is why Caltex offers the ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel with a sulphur level as low as 10 parts per million (ppm) – the environmentally ‘green’ and clean diesel fuel.
In the international petroleum industry, crude oil products are traded on various oil bourses Crude oil is considered “heavy” if it has long hydrocarbon chains, or “light” if it has short hydrocarbon chains.
Bonny Light oil is a high grade of Nigerian crude oil with high API gravity (low specific gravity), produced in the Niger Delta basin and named after the prolific region around the city of Bonny.
Light sweet crude oil is the most sought-after version of crude oil as it contains a disproportionately large fraction that is directly processed (fractionation) into gasoline (naphtha), kerosene, and high-quality diesel (gas oil).
